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New evidence confirms the presence of water at the lunar poles

C Ambiado a little issue, now we present some excerpts from an astronomical news announced last Friday by NASA in stating that it has found new evidence of the occurrence of water on the moon. These findings are important for better understanding of solar system formation processes and ultimately the possibility of what life is a non-exclusive event on earth.

"indicates presence LCROSS Impact of Water on the Moon" (LCROSS Impact Indicates standing water on Moon)

Source: NASA, Posted 13-Nov-2009

Argument that the moon is a dry and desolate place has changed from that decubrió it contains water.

Preliminary data obtained from satellite observation of the crater to the lunar crater (known by its initials in English LCROSS) mission successfully indicate that the water found during impacts conducted on October 9, 2009 on the region that Cabeus is permanently shaded and near the south pole of the moon. The impact caused by LCROSS has created new pieces of information in our knowledge, said Michael Wargo, chief scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. For some time, scientists had speculated on the huge amount of hydrogen had been observed at the lunar poles, so that the impact of LCROSS has added new evidence on the possibility of having water in greater quantities and more widely distributed than had previously been speculated.

regions which are under permanent lunar shadow represent key areas to understand more fully the history and evolution of the solar system to be more valuable than samples of polar ice caps on earth ....

"Multiple lines of evidence show that water vapor in the plume caused by the LCROSS impact. The concentration and distribution of water and other substances requires further analysis, but so far is positive Cabeus say that the region has water, "said Anthony Colaprete, principal investigator on the NASA project. Further confirmation came
ultraviolet emission spectrum, which is attributed to the presence of hydroxyl radicals produced during the breakup of water molecules in the sun. When the molecules and atoms are excited to release energy at specific wavelengths that are detected by the spectrophotometer .... When electrified, each gas produces a different color. Thus, the ultraviolet spectrum detected by The spectrometer detected traces of hydroxyl just after impact, which is consistent with a cloud of water vapor in the sunlight.

LCROSS The team is constantly working to fully understand all the data generated by the impact, as new evidence is expected to continue to be discovered.

English translation: Cienciacolectiva.blogspot.com; to refer to the original note click: http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/ciencia_tecnologia/2009/11/091113_1756_luna_ao.shtml

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Maize Varieties and Cultural Identity: At Risk For

S ollowing the controversial GM maize crop, now have left some notes in the newspaper La Jornada that like to share in this space. As we mentioned under the cultivation of maize in Mexico goes back thousands of years of history, long before the English arrived. It is for this simple reason we have the greatest diversity of varieties of corn, each linked to different forms of management and developed under different purposes. If the Federal Government and the SAGARPA be able to understand the context in which it has developed the cultivation of maize in Mexico, fully understand the risks that brings the introduction of transgenic maize not only on the erosion of diversity mails but about the erosion of cultural identity that implies.

Given this dangerous ignorance, we have to inform citizens in other ways, reflect continually to find ways of organizing and political action against these myopic.

Below you will find fragments of the note and the link to read it in full:

"threaten diversity experimental plots of corn, says researcher"
Posted by Matilde Pérez U ,3-11 La Jornada -09, p. 35

Without the participation of farmers in conservation and research on corn and with the approval of experimental field trials of transgenic varieties are at risk of losing the diversity of the plant, said Antonio Serratos Hernandez, a researcher at the Autonomous University of Mexico City.

The existence of 300 races of maize is the result of indigenous resistance for over 500 years and the farmers who continue as guardians of grain, for whom distance is no impediment to the exchange of seeds, which ensures to maintain their diversity , added ... The study

The origin and diversity of maize in the Americas, Serratos notes that there are two strategies for the conservation of the grain: the collection and preservation of samples in genebanks and in situ conservation, which involves promoting and supporting the reproduction of social and environmental conditions of the farmer to preserve the seed ...

"The trail sees U.S. agro-technology and genetic resources ex situ conservation as a capital reserve of germplasm banks and industrial applications such as risk insurance for the future. The preservation of the corn is done through the sale of genetic resources of the farmers produced over centuries of community work. "That kind of preservation is of high value, but to develop the full potential and protect the diversity of culture is it necessary for farmers ...

In the study, Serratos points out that the best way to preserve the breeds of corn is to preserve the peasant mode of production. "You can not circumvent that protection of biodiversity (grain) requires the strengthening of rural society. It is necessary that (the producer) has improved living conditions to prevent abandon agriculture. "

in situ conservation, he says, requires government support and impetus to initiate programs that empower social action and community organization . The destruction of the social fabric in rural communities increases risk of extinction of corn, whose social and cultural significance should be reassessed. Their protection, he notes, is a task that should involve all the people of America

Full story:

http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/11/03/index.php?section = society & article = 035n2soc

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Transgenic Crop Reflections on Growing GM

Yesterday FOs Chihuhua state expressed their dissatisfaction with the project to plant transgenic corn around their fields. Basically the concern is the risk of gene contamination with GM varieties landraces, which that involve genetic erosion of native varieties and thereby the economic dependence on the acquisition of commercial varieties. Despite the controversy, and the risks that have been documented that there are derived from GM crops, the government through SAGARPA insists on the introduction of seed of these varieties.

Undoubtedly social conflicts, economic and environmental, that these policies will bring will suffer and observe in the short and medium term. Under the same theme, was published today in the Day, reflects a note that based on experience with GM crops in Argentina about the risks and implications that should not be ignored, but as usual have not echoed in the decision-makers.

Below you will read this note:

Note day: 21-Oct-2009 by Alejandro Nadal

Mexican Corn and Johnsongrass: bitter lesson

A specter is haunting the fields of the Chaco, in northern Argentina. After months of investigation and heated disputes, has been confirmed the existence of a biotype of Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) resistant to the herbicide glyphosate in the province of Salta. It is the first case of a variety of Johnsongrass resistant to glyphosate herbicide since this came into use in the world three decades ago. The spread of this weed harvesters through circulating everywhere after each growing season is not a good omen.

The presence of Johnsongrass resistant to glyphosate (SARS) has been recognized by the lead agency to monitor weeds worldwide ( http://www.weedscience.org/ ). This finding is a nightmare come true for producers of GM soya. It is also a lesson for SAGARPA, just illegally authorized the first experimental plantings of transgenic maize in Mexico. It is the first step on the road to allow the commercial planting and strengthen Mexican environmental release of genetically modified corn, with serious risks for corn germplasm in our country, a center of origin of this crop of global importance. We

piecemeal. The Johnson grass, also known as Johnson grass, is one of 10 major weeds affecting agriculture in temperate climates. It is a perennial weed, endowed with great capacity for survival and to control mechanically. The irony is that many countries, including Argentina, was introduced as a forage, precisely because of its adaptability and high productivity. In a few years was becoming a pest whose battle with chemicals has had high costs for farmers and biodiversity.

To combat this "perfect weed" has been using glyphosate herbicide that kills broad spectrum of higher plants the ability to synthesize three essential amino acids. Is non-selective herbicide sold in the world and its expansion accelerated with GM crops as Monsanto's Roundup Ready soybeans, genetically modified to increase their resistance to glyphosate.

Currently, genetically modified soybeans is planted on 18 million hectares in Argentina. This culture has transformed the rural landscape of the pampas, upsetting the social relationships that allow small-scale agriculture and opening the door to large-scale agribusiness. Soybean exports are the mainstay of fiscal policy: 18 percent of total tax revenue from sales tax outside soy. But the collapse of this bubble of soy is a matter of time. The emergence of SARS is only a warning.

The transgenic soybeans using a direct seeding technology package (or minimum tillage), which is left to stubble ground cover to protect rain and wind. This reduces the risk of erosion, but must be accompanied by an increase in herbicide use. This culture has been associated with spectacular growth in usage of these materials: in just 10 years of glyphosate consumption rose from 15 to 200 million liters. The result at the end of the road was to be expected, sooner or later had to appear resistant species strategies designed and implemented by the commercial agriculture. With the spread of the technology package of genetically modified soybeans that resistance appear more quickly, because the process of co-evolution (which basically is what governs this phenomenon) would be accelerating.

Is what will happen to GM maize seed which is authorizing the SAGARPA. The emergence of insects resistant to the toxin produced by transgenic Bt crops is a matter of time. Still not detect large outbreaks of resistant populations to Bt toxin, but partly that's because the strategy is to let non-transgenic plants shelters in the plots. In United States practice has been accompanied by the complementary use of insecticides. But the warning of ecologists and agronomists remains: these strategies will only delay the process of emergence of insects resistant to Bt, do not stop. The planting of transgenic maize in Mexico will increase the probability of emerging populations of insects resistant to Bt in less time. That is not the only problem, but the example of SARS is a sign that we should not ignore.

The technological trajectory of GM crops is a dead end. Of course, for companies and their accomplices in government, this is a good tool to own the field and transform it into the space of profitability. For the SAGARPA and the government, nothing should stand between the companies and the profitability, even weak biosafety legislation that was designed to serve the interests of those same companies.

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Solar Energy in Mexico: Is the alternative to oil shortages?

As we know most of the Mexicans, Mexico is highly dependent on the production and economic gains provenienen oil. Oil has been and is the main source of energy not only in Mexico but worldwide, however due to the negativity that generates environmental impacts of energy production using fossil fuels in recent years has increased interest and development into alternative energy technologies GENERATOR. Technological mechanisms to generate such energies renewable calls in many cases have existed for several years, long before they start the international controversy over climate change. At present, the scientific and technological development in this field, focuses on optimizing the processes so they are suitable to be applied to large-scale, cost-benefit less than those derived from the exploitation of fossil fuels. Thus, competition for energy market on the international and local level is booming, with an increasing number of companies with claims and potential to dominate global power generation and distribution.

do not need visionary skills, to recognize that power generation is and will be the engine of our society, without energy, we simply could not conceive or "enjoy" the modern life we \u200b\u200bhave developed. For this simple reason, many governments in many countries are developing strategic plans in order to find the best ways to generate energy alternatives so that no economy and hence social stability is not at the mercy of what other countries they can offer under their particualr conditions. As is becoming custom, Mexico, seems to be left behind, waiting for what the foreign market and issue it has to offer. Although the speech was talk that they are supporting alternative energy generation, the reality is different, when face the facts with words.

Recently, the city of Guanajuato hosted the Global Renewable Energy Forum where Pelosse Helene, director of the International Energy Agency (IRENA), pointed out that Mexico has the potential to generate solar energy derived from its location in the balloon and its geology. As development on such technologies aprticular could become the engine that drives our economy. Should be added that not only the country has potential for solar energy genererar but also wind, geothermal, and water. Mexico is a country with a variety of climatic and topographic conditions that would allow the flexibility of options. Not only that, we also have intellectual resources and research institutes (eg Energy Research Center, ICN, UNAM) that have generated the knowledge and technology base to make this possible.

So why would seem that this is not a matter of national importance or that we are incompetent to develop our own technology?; If the power supply is controlled and operated by the state , Would not it make more sense, that PEMEX will earmark part of their gains and were the main driver exploación towards alternative energy? Moreover, should not be synergy between PEMEX and CFE (and the former LFC) to develop and implement a large scale these technologies? Instead, we already have a flock of greedy businessmen, among them Carlos Slim, said board assistant interested in develop and dominate the domestic supply.

When the government is the true representation of the interests of society, then I observe results, the bad, that sounds more than a dream, illusion, utopia with touches of anger and apathy. The only truth and certainty so far, is that Mexico, have the potential to produce alternative energy and also renewable, because one is not synonymous with the other. The uncertainty is, when will see what happens, and even more who will be to monitor its implementation?

For those who want to read the note that was published in the conference today, follow this link:
http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2009/10/19/index.php? society & section = article = 045n1soc